CIBC: Canadian housing market predictions

The CIBC economic forecasting dartboard hasn’t been remarkably accurate lately, so I’m not sure how to take this most recent prediction from Benjamin Tal who believes ‘a gradual slide’ over the next 8 to 10 months will see house prices across Canada drop another 5 or 10 percent.

Sales activity will also drop by an average of about 20 per cent from current levels before stabilizing near the end of 2009, Mr. Tal, senior economist at CIBC World Markets Inc., said in an interview after his speech Tuesday before an income fund industry conference.

By this time next year the market will level off as conditions in the Canadian economy stabilize, he said. However Canadians shouldn’t be waiting for a “V-shaped recovery,” at that point, but instead should expect both home prices and sales to remain relatively flat, he added.

“What we are saying is that prices will continue to ease in the coming months, but there will be no U.S.-style freefall,” Mr. Tal said.

Canada should be in buyers’ market territory by late 2008 or early 2009 for the first time since 2001, he added.

Of course that’s the prediction for all of Canada – in western cities like Vancouver, Mr. Tal says that prices are likely to fall double digits by the end of 2009… So I guess thats anywhere between 10% and 99%?  Thanks CIBC!

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65 Responses to “CIBC: Canadian housing market predictions”

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    1. 1 X Keeping an eye on the Pimps Says:

      Tal is a complete and utter fool. Or perhaps he may be heavily invested in RE and is simply pimping.

      He does the usual media circuit, assuring the public that Canadians are not as indebted as the Americans.

      He calculates the debt to asset ratio based on inflated RE,Tal is a lightweight loan pumping pusher.
      His forecasting ability is as horrible as CMHC.

      Current score: 4

    2. 2 X ant Says:

      I don’t get what your point is KAEOTP.. You think a prediction of double digit losses in the next 8 to 10 months is pimping? That wipes out all equity on houses where you put anything below 15% or so down on. I don’t think even a complete idiot could look at this forecast and think ‘hmm, that sounds like a good highly leveraged investment to make.

      Current score: 3

    3. 3 X Keeping an eye on the pimps Says:

      Ant do a little researh on Tal.

      Benjamin Tal, an economist with CIBC who has been following closely the ups and downs of the housing industry, said Wednesday he sees no “trigger” threatening Canada’s housing and mortgage market.

      http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Ca.....16-cp.html

      Current score: 1

    4. 4 X Eren Says:

      i believe that Tal is a smart person. That does not mean his studies are on target. I am a complete re bear. Housing prices will go down %50 inflation-adjusted based on average income, inflation, necessary household expenses. His study is based on non-factual data. did i mention “conflict of interest” issue here :) from wikipedia:
      “A conflict of interest is a situation in which someone in a position of trust, such as a lawyer, insurance adjuster, a politician, executive or director of a corporation or a medical research scientist or physician, has competing professional or personal interests.”

      Current score: 3

    5. 5 X Dave Says:

      I agree with his assessment.

      Current score: -20

    6. 6 X sluggo Says:

      I wonder if today’s RECESSION headline in the Sun will jolt a few more idiots into reality. We all know what recessions can do to RE, and this one will make 82 look like a picnic.

      Current score: 9

    7. 7 X freako Says:

      Western markets down double digits by end of 2009? Vancouver will have it by end of November 2008. By the end of 2009, we will probably be down 25%, if not more.

      Current score: 29

    8. 8 X browntown Says:

      hey nutsnaps! glory days for bulls here now as coming printing press uptick unnoticed by general populas! next leg up will whiplash back like potash meltdown! browntown here to warning of keeping liquid for buyup while develepor scramble for finance! if you scared of printing press hit red arrow to see shrink age!

      Current score: -23

    9. 9 X jfk Says:

      Down 25% by the end of 2009 sounds a bit tame. The general public is only beginning to realize that the party is over, and the current rate of decline is bound to accelerate with recession jitters. If I had to make a guess, I would say down 40% by the end of 09.

      Current score: 14

    10. 10 X Brittanny Says:

      CIBC (“Certified Inaccurate Bull Crap”) The US currently has a GDP of $13 Trillion, Canada’s GDP is $1.3 Trillion. Tal says Cannada will not have a US-stlye freefall. Sure our banks did not have sub-prime and credit was somewhat tighter. Not much though. We had the liar loans for the self employed, 40 year ams.,5% down payments and plenty of speculators buying additional spec properties and qualifying for them via a little fudging by their mortgage brokers.
      If ANY country in the world will be affected by the US contagion it will be Canada.
      Who does Tal think the biggest economy in the world buys their products from? One of them is Canada and another one is China ($6.5 Trillion GDP). That’s a double whammy for us.

      To think that we will not feel the same pain as the US economy is just plain stupid.

      Tal is just using the same spin as the US financial institutions did not long ago to try and keep shareholders and depositors as long as possible to fund the few at the top.
      Harper’s ace up the sleeve is the same as George Bush’s.

      Current score: 10

    11. 11 X Mold City Says:

      25% and 40% are both double digit losses. Mr. Tal certainly has covered his bases with this prediction and I agree: house prices in Vancouver are set to fall somewhere between 10 and 99%.

      Dave, I thought you were bullish on real estate?

      Current score: 6

    12. 12 X Burden of Proof Says:

      Average prices in Vancouver are already down double digits: 13% to be exact. [source: REBGV September 2008 statistics]

      Current score: 11

    13. 13 X Anonymous Says:

      If I read that right he’s predicting that prices will fall that much further from where they are now, not from the peak.

      Current score: 1

    14. 14 X MickeyFinn Says:

      Not so long ago those of us who were real estate bears were scoffed at. Now, we are seeing virtually daily news stories predicting that Canadian real estate is heading South.

      Let Tal say what he wants, forecasters like Tal change their predictions with the weather. At least he has the overall direction right: DOWN.

      Current score: 30

    15. 15 X VanTOVan Says:

      Speaking of CIBC…
      As per an internal memo, they’re canceling their “Better than Prime” mortgages (easily one of the most popular choices) tomorrow.
      Can you bulls feel that noose start to tighten yet?

      Current score: 16

    16. 16 X Brittanny Says:

      Why is it that no one is talking about:

      “CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS”

      $75,000,000,000,000.00 (WORHTLESS PAPER)
      $750,000,000,000.00 ( US BAILOUT)

      YES, THAT IS $75 TRILLION. MORE THAN ALL THE PRINTED CURRENCY IN THE WORLD!

      IF YOU THINK WALL STREET IS A SCANCDAL, IT IS NOTHING COMPARED TO THE “CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP” PYRAMID.

      THIS WILL BECOME THE MOST TALKED ABOUT DERIVATIVE IN THE FUTURE OF YOUR CHILDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN. THIS IS THE “REAL” GLOBAL CRISIS. CDS’s – “CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP’S”

      Current score: 4

    17. 17 X jesse Says:

      CIBC: Canada’s home of underwater structured assets.

      Current score: 0

    18. 18 X Michael Randallbard Says:

      ANYBODY HERE HAVE GOLD?
      It just hit $1,000.00 CAD at midnight

      Oh and unfortunately for those who didn’t listen to me months ago, you cannot find a single ounce of gold in any of the coin and bullion dealers in Vancouver and other places in Canada. If you do happen upon some better buy it as its going to double from here…SOON

      Current score: -24

    19. 19 X Gadwin Says:

      It’s a financial meltdown. The UK is partially nationalizing its 8 top banks:

      “The Treasury said the banks are Abbey National PLC, Barclays PLC, HBOS PLC, HSBC Bank PLC, Lloyds TSB Bank PLC, Nationwide Building Society, Royal Bank of Scotland and Standard Chartered Bank.”

      http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27078582/

      Current score: 9

    20. 20 X Dan in Calgary Says:

      Western markets down double digits by end of 2009? Vancouver will have it by end of November 2008. By the end of 2009, we will probably be down 25%, if not more.

      Freako, I’ve always seen you as a tempered, not-prone-to-extremes kind of bear. If you’re saying 25%, then specuvestors otta be real scared. Maybe we’ll be able to move back to Vancouver after all.

      Current score: 1

    21. 21 X browntown Says:

      yeah Dan! dont worry freako caught up in last stages of deflation bubble! tulip time while ignoring printing press being turn on! yeah and uhauls being loaded up in calgary to come to best place on earth! yeah when internet censors shrinking info you know bottom is in! ha ha

      Current score: -24

    22. 22 X Montery Says:

      Michael, like real estate that we all focus on here, Gold goes up and down too. Although it tends to rocket up (and down) on a much tighter cycle than housing.

      http://www.kitco.com/charts/popup/au0365nyb_.html

      Perhaps the paper we use to buy groceries will have a few more zero’s in them, but I don’t think we’ll have to resort to gold coins to buy bread (just yet!). :)

      Current score: 4

    23. 23 X alexcanuck Says:

      In response to Randallbard 18
      Chris posted this in response to another goldbug drumming up fear on Chipmans blog. It answers the point so well I’m just copying with credit. Perhaps Randallbard wants gold back up to where he put every last penny in?
      Hurray, more disinformation!

      I can buy a 1000g bar for USD$28,588.44 right now from Kitco. Yes this is the real deal, delivered to your door. Price changes every minute so it may not be exactly the same when you check it. 1000g is 32.15 troy ounces (ask google). That works out to $889.22 per troy ounce. This is only a $4/ounce premium over what the “paper gold” is trading at.

      Of course if you are talking about canadian dollars then it’s closer to $1000/ounce, but still there is no major difference between paper and bullion prices.

      Current score: 1

    24. 24 X gah Says:

      Some good nuggets from that article. First off, the article states “The U.S. housing collapse was a crisis brought on by overuse of subprime mortgages. Thus, Mr. Tal said, it’s important to remember that its peak risky mortgages made up 5 per cent of the market in Canada, compared with 33 per cent in the U.S.” But wait a sec, I thought we hear all along that there was NO subprime in Canada?

      Second, if, as he predites, sales drop another 20% from where they are now (which is ~50% from prior periods), how can it be that sales that are running at ~40% of recent historical levels only bring moderate price decreases of 5-10%?

      Current score: -2

    25. 25 X alexcanuck Says:

      Lifted from THEBIGPICTURE.

      CEO –Chief Embezzlement Officer.

      CFO– Corporate Fraud Officer.

      BULL MARKET — A random market movement causing an investor to mistake himself for a financial genius.

      BEAR MARKET — A 6 to 18 month period when the kids get no allowance, the wife gets no jewelry, and the husband gets no sex.

      VALUE INVESTING — The art of buying low and selling lower.

      P/E RATIO — The percentage of investors wetting their pants as the market keeps crashing.

      BROKER — What my broker has made me.

      STANDARD & POOR — Your life in a nutshell.

      STOCK ANALYST — Idiot who just downgraded your stock.

      STOCK SPLIT — When your ex-wife and her lawyer split your assets equally between themselves.

      FINANCIAL PLANNER — A guy whose phone has been disconnected.

      MARKET CORRECTION — The day after you buy stocks.

      CASH FLOW — The movement your money makes as it disappears down the toilet.

      YAHOO — What you yell after selling it to some poor sucker for $240 per share.

      WINDOWS — What you jump out of when you’re the sucker who bought Yahoo @ $240 per share.

      INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR — Past year investor who’s now locked up in a nuthouse.

      PROFIT — An archaic word no longer in use.

      Current score: 16

    26. 26 X Margin Says:

      My phone bills are killing me!

      Current score: -21

    27. 27 X alexcanuck Says:

      Brittanny: I got tired of yelling about CDS’s and the rest of the $500 trillion in various derivatives. My throat got sore, I was ridiculed and ignored. All I can say now to my few remaining friends is “Nyaa, nyaa, told you so! Opened your RRSP statement yet?”
      I wonder why I have no friends left? I tried to help them, really I did.
      Just kidding. I’m actually quite sympathetic, and try to resist gloating.
      Sure is interesting times…..

      Current score: -1

    28. 28 X john Says:

      Now that it appears as though a Layton / Dion government is in the cards I’ve decided to start selling my condos so I can move to Mexico where the living is cheap. As an added bonus all my SUVs will be gulping on cheap government subsidized gas.

      Current score: -14

    29. 29 X Dan in Calgary Says:

      I wonder why I have no friends left? I tried to help them, really I did.

      Similar experience with in-laws. Ironically, as they open their RRSP statements, they don’t remember anything I said and I just nod when they ask “Who coulda seen this coming?”

      Current score: 6

    30. 30 X Dan in Calgary Says:

      If this analyst’s comments ring true, Vancouver RE can’t help but go into free fall:

      From Bloomberg,
      U.S. stocks are only “halfway through” a decline that sent the Standard & Poor’s Index down 36 percent in the past year, said Jeffrey de Graaf, a top-ranked market analyst.
      ….
      “The first part is the unwind of the previous boom, the second is the recession that follows. …”

      “Classic bear markets are 40 to 50 percent declines,” he said. “Generational leverage unwinds are much deeper.”

      Very scary stuff.

      Current score: 2

    31. 31 X patriotz Says:

      The U.S. housing collapse was a crisis brought on by overuse of subprime mortgages.

      Wrong. The US housing collapse was a result of prices being too high. Prices were inflated, and are collapsing, in areas which had few to no subprime mortgages (borrowers with a low credit rating).

      If house prices rise above a level that cannot be supported by rents or buyers’ incomes, they must come down, regardless of how they were financed.

      Current score: 44

    32. 32 X Partisan Spectator Says:

      Yesterday I happened to be watching BBC news (live market analysis from HK) and just wondering…
      Some folks here were puffing about “Rich Asians” who gonna save Van. With Asian markets double digits down and no light at the end of the tunnel, would it be natural for them to start shorting on used-to-be-save investments in RE-Van-haven to cover losses on Asian markets? Would their offsprings start feeling pocket cash shortage? Maybe BMW dealers could start building up inventory of barely used vehicles?

      Current score: 2

    33. 33 X john Says:

      Guys I’m serious. It looks like an alliance of Jack/Stephanne/Gille will rule Canada during these tumultuous times. We’re about to see just how bad it can get. Canada will get the government it deserves.

      Current score: -21

    34. 34 X MickeyFinn Says:

      Have you seen the cover of the Vancouver Sun’s Business section today? Clearly the Vancouver real estate market is toast.

      With so much public discussion about the precarious nature of the overall real estate market it will be a wonder if there are any buyers out there at all. Who has the guts to try and catch a falling knife.

      Current score: 11

    35. 35 X Drachen Says:

      John, you’re never serious. Do we really want a government that emulates every mistake they’ve made to our south? The conservative and Neo-Con movements and their obsessive need to de-regulate and cut taxes on all big business is the ultimate cause of the problems we’re facing today. What’s Harper’s solution to the problems? Deregulation and tax cuts for big business.

      Current score: 0

    36. 36 X anon Says:

      Oh boy, this is fun. I normally wouldn’t wipe my ass with the Vancouver Sun, but I am enjoying scanning the business pages for the articles on the economy and the housing market. They finally discovered that the emperor had no clothes. Years too late. Of course, there is still a lot of obsfuscation going on. (ie: ‘but canada’s economy is sound, our banks our sound, and our real estate market is sound). However, it is still nice to see the 180 degree reversal. Now if they would just call out Rennie and the rest of the pimps.

      Current score: 13

    37. 37 X john Says:

      Actually if you read up on the situation to the south it was mostly caused by lose lending practices backstopped by the federal government via Freddie and Fannie. It was government intervention which lead to this mess and government intervention is going to make it worse. Enjoy your carbon taxes you idiots. I’m off to Mexico.

      Current score: -24

    38. 38 X ReductiMat Says:

      John, if there’s one thing to take away through all of this, don’t cite the mainstream media as a viable source.

      Start here. Then go and read this.

      Current score: 0

    39. 39 X Alexcanuck Says:

      iEnjoy your carbon taxes you idiots.
      A lash-out from John? Does this mean all your posts, previously taken as rather clumsy but good-natured satire, were serious?

      Current score: 0

    40. 40 X Alexcanuck Says:

      Use preview or check html. I don’t learn.

      Enjoy your carbon taxes you idiots.
      A lash-out from John? Does this mean all your posts, previously taken as rather clumsy but good-natured satire, were serious?

      Current score: -2

    41. 41 X Vansanity Says:

      Good links ReductiMat! That’s about as clearly as I’ve seen anyone explain the US’s situation.

      And yes, I don’t care much for John’s tone in that last post. You got some splainin’ to do.

      Current score: 1

    42. 42 X Aleks Says:

      The Liberals ran surplus budgets and paid down the debt for a decade. Harper has been spending like a sailor on shore leave to try to buy himself a majority with public money. I’m not a huge fan of Dion, but I think it’s pretty clear these Conservatives are not fiscally conservative. If Harper really was the one to deal with this crisis, he had two years to do something before it became a crisis.

      Current score: 4

    43. 43 X crabman Says:

      From ReductiMat’s link:

      George Bush 2004 said:
      “One other thing I’ve done, is I’ve called on private sector mortgage banks and banks to be more aggressive about lending money to first-time home buyers.”

      Stephen Harper last month said:
      “A re-elected Conservative government would offer first-time homebuyers a new tax credit of up to $5,000 to help cover closing costs.”

      Sigh…

      Current score: 5

    44. 44 X john Says:

      Liberals ran a surplus thanks to the GST revenue and cuts to transfer payments. It was really good politics for sure because the conservatives got blamed for the GST and the provinces got stuck with cutting the programs.

      As for crisis I don’t see one in this country inspite of Dion hoping for one. The really interesting thing is Dion is saying we have a crisis and his plan is to have a meeting for 30 days and plan what to plan. Harper’s plan is to stay the course and the course looks pretty good.

      Current score: -8

    45. 45 X john Says:

      Oh and here’s what Flaherty has to say :
      http://www.thestar.com/business/article/513979. The conservatives have been executing their plan for like a year. They don’t need to have a meeting to come up with a plan because the plan is already being executed.

      Current score: -12

    46. 46 X Clam Chowderhear Says:

      Have to agree the Cons have the best plan, not sure what the opposition is trying to do by fear mongering, just state your plans and let the public decide. All the unfounded misinformation just makes them come off as sounding uneducated. It was only two months ago how they were shouting we were back in a defecit but when the numbers came out last month that we have a $2.9Billion dollar surplus after the 1st fiscal quarter they don’t bring that up.

      Back to housing, don’t think the $5K on closing fees for 1st time buyers is going to buy too many votes, but I think it’s a decent idea. If it was done with the market was hot it would’ve helped drive prices further up by that amount, but implemented during a down cycle makes fiscal sense.

      Current score: -4

    47. 47 X ReductiMat Says:

      Harper’s “plan” is akin to rearranging the chairs on the deck of the titanic.

      The only feasible plan is to let the market do its work and have home prices revert to the mean. Any attempts to prop it up are futile at best and will only prolong the inevitable. A gnat on a horses ass will have a greater impact than this $5,000 program.

      The sooner we as a people accept that fact, the sooner we’ll be at the end of all this shit.

      Current score: 9

    48. 48 X john Says:

      ReductiMat Dion is blathering on about the financial crisis not the housing market. Read the article about Flaherty’s actions to ensure Canada was set on the course it is today. The IMF has just said Canada will fare the best of all the G7 nations thanks to the actions of this government. The green shaft will doom us to follow in Europe’s footsteps. Have a look at how their carbon tax regime is going.

      Current score: -14

    49. 49 X Mold City Says:

      Check out how bad things are getting in the UK:

      http://vancouvercondo.info/for.....2&t=79

      :D

      Current score: 1

    50. 50 X Mold City Says:

      John, this is a whole new side of you! Regarding Flaherty: Oh Goody! We have a politicians word on something.. reminds me of what Paulson said when he was sworn in as US treasury secretary in 2006:

      Paulson said he planned to expand trade and investment, modernize international financial markets and”be vigilant in identifying and managing potential financial vulnerability.”

      http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2.....ry,00.html

      Halloween is coming up soon, I wonder if Flaherty has any special plans?

      Current score: 1

    51. 51 X ReductiMat Says:

      John, even though your tone has changed somewhat, I still think you are being disingenuous and facetious so I’ll keep my reply simple.

      I am completely at a loss if you feel our present minority government is the reason for the forecast conclusions of this report. It’s not the NeoCon’s fault, it’s not the Liberal’s fault, it’s OUR FAULT. YOU. ME. EVERYONE. We are all along for the ride. Sure, we can elect some fuckwit like Bush to really put us under, but it takes a special sort of populace to do that (granted, we do seem to be heading down that path).

      Regardless, until we go back to living on the money we earn, we are in for shit.

      TANSTAFFL.

      Current score: 3

    52. 52 X Anonymous Says:

      I blame VHB for this market downturn. From what I recall he started this whole ‘fundamentals’ thing that’s become all the rage.

      Current score: 16

    53. 53 X punface Says:

      I do believe Canada is in better shape than most other countries, and will be in less pain during the next few years as a result.

      This doesn’t help Vancouver real estate at all though. It was the most overvalued on the planet and will fall the most as a result.

      Current score: 15

    54. 54 X Strataman Says:

      John Said! “Actually if you read up on the situation to the south it was mostly caused by lose lending practices backstopped by the federal government via Freddie and Fannie.”
      Yep you right, and guess what? There is a secret Canadian Bank that will go under too? Which one? CIBC CIBC but just a bit before them Van City! Bets anyone just my opinion but I know these two really well and they cannot take a downturn in Real Estate in Vancouver, (Van City) and they are way more invested in US paper then they say! CIBC So Bet’s? $20.00 limit you buy for me or I buy for you. Set up the tab at a local pub, you bet against me and win, HA HA HA, I say to your choice of pub this is for (web name) whenever he or she comes in in the next week. June 30th 2009 is the target! Okay? Alternatives readily accepted! Don’t con out cause its not enuff, just say sorry can’t do that cause I may need that $20.00 for food! :-)

      Current score: 0

    55. 55 X John Says:

      You’re all just cheering for a collapse. Enjoy your declining stock portfolios and your new carbon tax. I’ll be sipping tequillas down in Mexico with the rest of the bulls.

      Current score: -23

    56. 56 X bdk Says:

      Strataman, what if CIBC sells to Manulife?

      Current score: 1

    57. 57 X VHB Says:

      @52:

      Guilty!!!

      Current score: 11

    58. 58 X Keeping an eye on the Pimps Says:

      There were 1,301 people behind on their mortgage payments in July, up from 702 people a year earlier.

      A real estate expert believes there is no need to panic.

      Don Campbell, president of Alberta Real Estate Investment Network, said the number is relatively small, making up 0.28 per cent of the 471,913 mortgages across Alberta.

      http://www.canada.com/reginale.....fca45193d4

      There you have it,yestereday Rennie told us not to worry and now the great Don Campbell( an expert) says don’t panic.

      If I hear the same thing in the next couple of days from another authority such Muir or Pastrick, I am going to buy!

      Current score: 10

    59. 59 X freako Says:

      I’ll be sipping tequillas down in Mexico with the rest of the bulls.

      Sipping tequilas? Yech.

      Current score: 5

    60. 60 X jesse Says:

      Man that -20 text is small. The tribe has spoken.

      Current score: 3

    61. 61 X richard Says:

      our banks don’t need help but… reminds me of the credit facility the fed put up in the US which they weren’t going to use but ended up using anyway… hope that’s not the case here

      Current score: 0

    62. 62 X Big Crash Says:

      Does anybody know how Home Depot and other home improvement centres in Canada are doing in term of sales?

      Current score: 0

    63. 63 X crabman Says:

      Looks like the wealthy are still doing fine. Vancouver luxury sales up 5% over last year.

      The RE/MAX Upper-End Report, which highlights trends and developments in 15 housing markets across the country for the first seven months of 2008 found Vancouver, Victoria, Regina, Saskatoon, Winnipeg, London, Kitchener-Waterloo, Ottawa, Halifax-Dartmouth, and St. John’s all experienced an upswing in sales activity…“In two-thirds of the markets we surveyed, demand for upscale homes surpassed peak levels reported last year,” says Elton Ash, Regional Executive Vice President, RE/MAX of Western Canada.

      Current score: -1

    64. 64 X Raincouver Says:

      Looks like the wealthy are still doing fine. Vancouver luxury sales up 5% over last year.

      Why do people post this stuff? The rich have always taken care of themselves. It’s not new.

      pphhfftt.

      Current score: 0

    65. 65 X Sean Says:

      WOW! I have followed several threads from Oct until now! how interesting it is to see the changing opinions and “fear factor” at work! as well as the constant blundering of both American and Canadian governments!

      honestly! if anyone had “ANY” idea of what is happening or what will happen in the future, they would surely make a ton of money! what I see, especially in southern Ontario, is a complete restructuring of not just the economy in general but a complete restructure of the manufacturing industry!

      kinda sounds to me like crossing the ocean in a canoe!

      Current score: 0